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Spanish industry trembles at China's grabbing of raw materials ·Global Voices

Foreign trade

The lack of microchips in cars is the first symptom of shortages and rising prices for steel, chemicals, building materials or tiles.

Carlos Mill

Automakers never thought there would be so many curves out of the coronavirus demand crisis. Once vaccination demand starts to recover, factories will speed up the purchase of car assembly materials and restore pre-pandemic data as soon as possible. In the process, they encountered an unexpected problem: There are no microprocessors on the market.

' Is it a problem of short supply or oversupply? Arantxa Mur, director of economics and logistics for car owner Anfac, stressed that while microprocessors are no longer made for cars, production based in Asia is growing exponentially in other sectors such as telecoms, computers or mobile, which have been growing throughout their incarceration. "This shortage resulted in a 39% reduction in the number of products we produced in May and we had assembled and stored the car before the microprocessors arrived. It takes a huge price to put them out of work and reintegrate them into the production line, "Moore stressed.

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En su opinión, el otro factor que está dañando a la industria de los coches es la falta de acero en Europa y su elevado precio.“Compramos el 90% del acero en la UE y estamos muy comprometidos con nuestra aportación, pero si no podemos encontrar materia prima y además está cara, deberíamos poder comprarlo en otros países”, señala Mur en relación a los contingentes arancelarios fijados por la UE para evitar que naciones como Turquía o China invadan Europa con acero barato que hunda los precios.

La industria española tiembla ante el acaparamiento de materias primas en China

China and its trading partners are behind the hoarding effect of raw materials, which leads to shortages and purchase costs in the international market. "Many times, misleading policies create these bottlenecks, such as promoting electrification. If we want an auto industry of declared size, we must increase global lithium production by 45 times. The biggest problem is that the vast majority of raw materials are in the hands of Chinese people. "Juan Antonio Labat, general manager of Fick Chemical Employers, said another major problem is China's protectionist repositioning of domestic consumption and supply from neighboring countries. "They hoarded all the raw materials and restricted exports so as not to run out of raw materials. Europe, meanwhile, has been losing weight. If it accounted for a third of world production 20 years ago, now it is less than 15%, which makes it lose its ability to control the market. " On the chemical front, Rabat said the perfect storm was triggered by frost in Europe and Europe, which led to shutdowns and higher energy costs that left Spain punished by other countries such as Germany or France.

La doble pinza del sector ganadero

Gaspar Anabitarte, responsable sector lácteo de la organización agraria y ganadera COAG, denuncia la doble pinza que sufren las explotaciones. "On the one hand, the prices of raw materials we use to feed livestock, especially corn and soybeans, have become very expensive in the international market, which reduces our profitability because the project accounts for half of our costs." Anabitarte also increased distribution pressure to lower milk prices as a demand product, market-driven. "The value chain is perverted because distribution is a price determinant and farmers have to adapt."

On behalf of employers of major Spanish producers, such as acerinox, arcelor mittal, celsa, sidenor or pipeline, the managing director of unesid, andr é sbarcel ó, spoke of the impact of what he called the "whip effect". "When there is concern that their suppliers will not comply with the agreement, they will pass the same order to three different orders. This leads to excess supply and demand, "Barcelo said, rejecting supply problems in the steel industry. "There are problems with rising raw materials, in addition to rising freight prices (the cost of hiring containers to transport on ships) and rising energy prices, especially the cost of co2, we must compensate our industries with excessive emissions". The biggest winners of this contraction and rising product prices are raw material manufacturers and those closest to consumers, while the industries in between are most affected.

Due to the lack of raw materials and the perfect storm of supply difficulties, the most affected activities are the most international because they depend on international trade prices. A good example is ceramic tile, whose industry is located in Castilla and exports more than 85% of its output. "The collection of raw materials will lead to an imbalance in maritime trade, because with the growth of production in China, the supply of ships will decrease and prices will soar," said Albertoechavarr í a, general secretary of Ascar, an employer representing ceramic tile manufacturers. "Coronavirus has led to a restructuring of global maritime trade, reducing routes and ships. There is no return to the pre-crisis figures, which has led to a doubling of freight rates in China and a three-to four-fold increase in freight rates in China ". Like steel, Spain's tile industry is at a disadvantage because it ensures it has one of Europe's most expensive energy sources and must offset emissions by buying co2, even at historic highs, putting them in an uncompetitive position. "Companies cannot transfer costs. If I want to sell the product to my most expensive customer, it will eventually go to another supplier. "

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